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अभी तक दिए गए सभी example में आपने आपने देखा होगा कि printf() function में हमें variable की value print करने के लिए format specifiers pass करने होते थे , जो बताते हैं कि variable किस type का है।
C language में ये variable type के according कई सारे format specifiers हैं और इन्ही specifiers की help से हम user input और output process करते हैं। कुछ specifiers इस प्रकार है।
| Data Type | Format Specifier |
|---|---|
| int | %d |
| char | %c |
| float | %f |
| double | %lf |
| short int | %hd |
| unsigned int | %u |
| long int | %li |
| long long int | %lli |
| unsigned long int | %lu |
| unsigned long long int | %llu |
| signed char | %c |
| unsigned char | %c |
| long double | %Lf |
printf() function का use output print करने के लिए किया जाता है।
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// DSimple string
printf("Simple string");
int testInteger = 5;
printf("\nInterger Number : %d", testInteger);
// float & double.
float number1 = 13.5;
double number2 = 12.4;
printf("\nFloat : %f", number1);
printf("\nDouble : %lf", number2);
// character
char chr = 'R';
printf("\nCharacter : %c", chr);
return 0;
}Simple string Interger Number : 5 Float : 13.500000 Double : 12.400000 Character : R
C language में input लेने के लिए scanf() function का use किया जाता है। यह function stdio.h header files में ही define होता है। इसमें भी user input capture करते समय specifier के through हमें compiler को बताना पड़ता है कि user किस type की value को enter करेगा।
##include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// character
char chr;
printf("Enter any character : ");
scanf("%c", &chr);
int testInteger;
printf("Enter integer value : ");
scanf("%d", &testInteger);
// float & double.
float number1;
double number2;
printf("Enter float value : ");
scanf("%f", &number1);
printf("Enter double value : ");
scanf("%lf", &number2);
// now print values
printf("\n\n-------------Entered Values---------------\n");
printf("\nInterger Number : %d", testInteger);
printf("\nFloat : %f", number1);
printf("\nDouble : %lf", number2);
printf("\nCharacter : %c", chr);
return 0;
}Enter any character : d Enter integer value : 34 Enter float value : 34.34 Enter double value : 454.4545445 -------------Entered Values--------------- Interger Number : 34 Float : 34.340000 Double : 454.454544 Character : d
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